Install Hadoop 3.3.0 on Linux

This article provides step-by-step guidance to install Hadoop 3.3.0 on Linux such as Debian, Ubuntu, Red Hat, openSUSE, etc. Hadoop 3.3.0 was released on July 14 2020. It is the first release of Apache Hadoop 3.3 line. There are significant changes compared with Hadoop 3.2.0, such as Java 11 runtime support, protobuf upgrade to 3.7.1, scheduling of opportunistic containers, non-volatile SCM support in HDFS cache directives, etc. 

Install Java JDK

Run the following command to update package index:

sudo apt update

Check whether Java is installed already:

java -version

Command 'java' not found, but can be installed with:

sudo apt install default-jre
sudo apt install openjdk-11-jre-headless
sudo apt install openjdk-8-jre-headless

Install OpenJDK via the following command:

sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk

Check the version installed:

java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_191"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_191-8u191-b12-2ubuntu0.18.04.1-b12)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.191-b12, mixed mode)

You can also use Java 11 from this version as it is now supported.

Download Hadoop binary

Go to release page of Hadoop website to find a download URL for Hadoop 3.3.0:

Hadoop Releases

For me, the closest mirror is:

http://mirror.intergrid.com.au/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-3.3.0/hadoop-3.3.0.tar.gz 

Run the following command in Ubuntu terminal to download a binary from the internet:

wget http://mirror.intergrid.com.au/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-3.3.0/hadoop-3.3.0.tar.gz

Wait until the download is completed:

Unzip Hadoop binary

Run the following command to create a hadoop folder under user home folder:

mkdir ~/hadoop

And then run the following command to unzip the binary package:

tar -xvzf hadoop-3.3.0.tar.gz -C ~/hadoop

Once it is unpacked, change the current directory to the Hadoop folder:

cd ~/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.0/

Configure passphraseless ssh

This step is critical and please make sure you follow the steps.

Make sure you can SSH to localhost in Ubuntu:

ssh localhost

If you cannot ssh to localhost without a passphrase, run the following command to initialize your private and public keys:

ssh-keygen -t rsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

If you encounter errors like ‘ssh: connect to host localhost port 22: Connection refused’, run the following commands:

sudo apt-get install ssh
And then restart the service:
sudo service ssh restart 

Configure the pseudo-distributed mode (Single-node mode)

Now, we can follow the official guide to configure a single node:

Pseudo-Distributed Operation

1) Setup environment variables (optional)

Setup environment variables by editing file ~/.bashrc.

 vi ~/.bashrc

Add the following environment variables:

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-amd64
export HADOOP_HOME=~/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.0
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop

Run the following command to source the latest variables:

source ~/.bashrc

2) Edit etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh file:

vi etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

Set a JAVA_HOME environment variable:

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64

3) Edit etc/hadoop/core-site.xml:

vi etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

Add the following configuration:

<configuration>
     <property>
         <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
         <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
     </property>
</configuration>

Optional: you can also configure DFS locations:

  <property>
     <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
     <value>/data/dfs/namespace_logs_330</value>
   </property>
   <property>
     <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
     <value>/data/dfs/data_330</value>
   </property>

*Make sure the above folders are existing and also Hadoop service account has access to write and to manage.

4) Edit etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml:

vi etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

Add the following configuration:

<configuration>
     <property>
         <name>dfs.replication</name>
         <value>1</value>
     </property>
</configuration>

5) Edit file etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml:

vi etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

Add the following configuration:

<configuration>
     <property>
         <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
         <value>yarn</value>
     </property>
     <property>
         <name>mapreduce.application.classpath</name>
         <value>$HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME/share/hadoop/mapreduce/*:$HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/*</value>
     </property>
</configuration>

6) Edit file etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml:

vi etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml

Add the following configuration:

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
        <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.env-whitelist</name>
        <value>JAVA_HOME,HADOOP_COMMON_HOME,HADOOP_HDFS_HOME,HADOOP_CONF_DIR,CLASSPATH_PREPEND_DISTCACHE,HADOOP_YARN_HOME,HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

Format namenode

Run the following command to format the name node:

bin/hdfs namenode -format

Run DFS daemons

1) Run the following commands to start NameNode and DataNode daemons:

sbin/start-dfs.sh
Starting namenodes on [localhost]
Starting datanodes
Starting secondary namenodes [raymond-pc]

2) Check status via jps command:

jps
2212 NameNode
2423 DataNode
2682 SecondaryNameNode
2829 Jps

When the services are initiated successfully, you should be able to see these four processes.

3) View name node portal

You can view the name node through the following URL:

http://localhost:9870/dfshealth.html#tab-overview

The web UI looks like the following:

You can also view the data nodes information through menu link Datanodes:

Run YARN daemon

1) Run the following command to start YARN daemon:

sbin/start-yarn.sh

sbin/start-yarn.sh
WARNING: YARN_CONF_DIR has been replaced by HADOOP_CONF_DIR. Using value of YARN_CONF_DIR.
Starting resourcemanager
WARNING: YARN_CONF_DIR has been replaced by HADOOP_CONF_DIR. Using value of YARN_CONF_DIR.
Starting nodemanagers
WARNING: YARN_CONF_DIR has been replaced by HADOOP_CONF_DIR. Using value of YARN_CONF_DIR.

2) Check status via jps command

jps
2212 NameNode
5189 NodeManager
2423 DataNode
5560 Jps
5001 ResourceManager
2682 SecondaryNameNode

Once the services are started, you can see two more processes for NodeManager and ResourceManager.

3) View YARN web portal

You can view the YARN resource manager web UI through the following URL:

http://localhost:8088/cluster

The web UI looks like the following:

You can view all the applications through this web portal. 

Shutdown services

Once you've completed explorations, you can use the following command to shutdown those daemons:

sbin/stop-yarn.sh
sbin/stop-dfs.sh

You can verify through jps command which will only show one process now:

jps
6593 Jps

Summary

Congratulations! Now you have successfully installed a single node Hadoop 3.3.0 cluster on your Linux systems. 

Have fun with Hadoop 3.3.0.