Install Hadoop 3.3.2 in WSL on Windows

Prerequisites

Follow the page below to enable WSL and then install one of the Linux systems from Microsoft Store.

Windows Subsystem for Linux Installation Guide for Windows 10

To be specific, enable WSL by running the following PowerShell code as Administrator (or enable it through Control Panel):

Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux

And then install Ubuntu or Debian or other Linux distro from Microsoft Store.

Once download is completed, click Launch button to lunch the application. It make take a few minutes to install.

During the installation, you need to input a username and password. Once it is done, you are ready to use the WSL terminal.

wsl -d $Distro_Name

*Replace distro name accordingly.  For example, running Debian distro using the following command:

wsl -d Debian

The following steps were tested in a Ubuntu distro.

Install Open JDK

Run the following command to update package index:

sudo apt update

Check whether Java is installed already:

java -version

Command 'java' not found, but can be installed with:

sudo apt install default-jre
sudo apt install openjdk-11-jre-headless
sudo apt install openjdk-8-jre-headless

Install OpenJDK via the following command:

sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk

Check the version installed:

openjdk version "1.8.0_212"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_212-8u212-b03-0ubuntu1.18.04.1-b03)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.212-b03, mixed mode)

You can also use Java 11 from this version as it is now supported.

You can also follow Install Open JDK on WSL (kontext.tech) to install Open JDK.

Download Hadoop binary

Go to release page of Hadoop website to find a download URL for Hadoop 3.3.2:

Hadoop Releases

For me, the closest mirror is:

https://dlcdn.apache.org/hadoop/common/hadoop-3.3.2/hadoop-3.3.2.tar.gz 

Run the following command in Ubuntu terminal to download a binary from the internet:

wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/hadoop/common/hadoop-3.3.2/hadoop-3.3.2.tar.gz

Wait until the download is completed.

If you hit similar errors like the following:

ERROR: The certificate of ‘dlcdn.apache.org’ is not trusted.
ERROR: The certificate of ‘dlcdn.apache.org’ has expired.

Install CA certifications by using the following command:

sudo apt-get install ca-certificates

You can also skip validating SSL certificate though it is risky and not recommended:

wget --no-check-certificate  https://dlcdn.apache.org/hadoop/common/hadoop-3.3.2/hadoop-3.3.2.tar.gz

Unzip Hadoop binary

Run the following command to create a hadoop folder under user home folder:

mkdir ~/hadoop

And then run the following command to unzip the binary package:

tar -xvzf hadoop-3.3.2.tar.gz -C ~/hadoop

Once it is unpacked, change the current directory to the Hadoop folder:

cd ~/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.2/

Configure passphraseless ssh

This step is critical and please make sure you follow the steps.

Make sure you can SSH to localhost in Ubuntu:

ssh localhost

If ssh doesn't exist, install it using the following command:

sudo apt install ssh 

If you cannot ssh to localhost without a passphrase, run the following command to initialize your private and public keys:

ssh-keygen -t rsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

If you encounter errors like ‘ssh: connect to host localhost port 22: Connection refused’, run the following commands:

sudo apt-get install ssh
# And then restart the service:
sudo service ssh restart

If the above commands still don’t work, try the solution in this comment. 

*The comment link will redirect you to another article for a different version of Hadoop installation. 

Configure the pseudo-distributed mode (Single-node mode)

Now, we can follow the official guide to configure a single node:

Pseudo-Distributed Operation

1) Setup environment variables (optional)

Setup environment variables by editing file ~/.bashrc.

 vi ~/.bashrc

Add the following environment variables:

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-amd64
export HADOOP_HOME=~/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.2
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop

Run the following command to source the latest variables:

source ~/.bashrc

2) Edit etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh file:

vi etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

Set a JAVA_HOME environment variable:

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64

Remember to update the path to your JDK path accordingly. 

3) Edit etc/hadoop/core-site.xml:

vi etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

Add the following configuration:

<configuration>
     <property>
         <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
         <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
     </property>
</configuration>

4) Edit etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml:

vi etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

Add the following configuration:

<configuration>
     <property>
         <name>dfs.replication</name>
         <value>1</value>
     </property>
     <property>
         <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
         <value>/home/tangr/hadoop/dfs/name332</value>
     </property>
     <property>
         <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
         <value>/home/tangr/hadoop/dfs/data332</value>
     </property>
</configuration>

Remember to replace the highlighted user name accordingly. You can also change the paths to your own ones. 

Make sure you also create these paths:

mkdir -p ~/hadoop/dfs/name332
mkdir -p ~/hadoop/dfs/data332

5) Edit file etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml:

vi etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

Add the following configuration:

<configuration>
     <property>
         <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
         <value>yarn</value>
     </property>
     <property>
         <name>mapreduce.application.classpath</name>
         <value>$HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME/share/hadoop/mapreduce/*:$HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/*</value>
     </property>
</configuration>

6) Edit file etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml:

vi etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml

Add the following configuration:

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
        <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.env-whitelist</name>
        <value>JAVA_HOME,HADOOP_COMMON_HOME,HADOOP_HDFS_HOME,HADOOP_CONF_DIR,CLASSPATH_PREPEND_DISTCACHE,HADOOP_YARN_HOME,HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

Format namenode

Run the following command to format the name node:

bin/hdfs namenode -format

Run DFS daemons

1) Run the following commands to start NameNode and DataNode daemons:

tangr@raymond-pc:~/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.2$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
Starting namenodes on [localhost]
Starting datanodes
Starting secondary namenodes [raymond-pc]

2) Check status via jps command:

tangr@raymond-pc:~/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.2$ jps
4693 SecondaryNameNode
4837 Jps
4217 NameNode
4431 DataNode

When the services are initiated successfully, you should be able to see these four processes.

3) View name node portal

You can view the name node through the following URL:

http://localhost:9870/dfshealth.html#tab-overview

The web UI looks like the following:

You can also view the data nodes information through menu link Datanodes:

Run YARN daemon

1) Run the following command to start YARN daemon:

sbin/start-yarn.sh

~/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.2$ sbin/start-yarn.sh
Starting resourcemanager
Starting nodemanagers

2) Check status via jps command

tangr@raymond-pc:~/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.2$ jps
5345 NodeManager
4693 SecondaryNameNode
4217 NameNode
5533 Jps
4431 DataNode
4975 ResourceManager

Once the services are started, you can see two more processes for NodeManager and ResourceManager.

3) View YARN web portal

You can view the YARN resource manager web UI through the following URL:

http://localhost:8088/cluster

The web UI looks like the following screenshot:

You can view all the applications through this web portal. 

Shutdown services

Once you've completed explorations, you can use the following command to shutdown those daemons:

sbin/stop-yarn.sh
sbin/stop-dfs.sh

You can verify through jps command which will only show one process now:

tangr@raymond-pc:~/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.2$ jps
6543 Jps

Summary

Congratulations! Now you have successfully installed a single node Hadoop 3.3.2 cluster in your Ubuntu subsystem of Windows 10 or Windows 11. It’s relatively easier compared with native Windows installation as we don’t need to download or build native Hadoop HDFS libraries.

Have fun with Hadoop 3.3.2.

If you encounter any issues, please post a comment and I will try my best to help.